3-Hydroxyphenazepam Powder

3-Hydroxyphenazepam is a pharmacologically active benzodiazepine derivative that has been utilized in research and analytical contexts. This compound is known for its sedative, anxiolytic, and hypnotic properties, making it a subject of interest in clinical and forensic studies. Below is a detailed breakdown of its characteristics, synthesis, and applications to provide a comprehensive understanding of this substance.

Chemical Composition and Properties

3-Hydroxyphenazepam is identified by the chemical formula C15H10ClN3O2, with a molecular weight of 299.71 g/mol. The substance is characterized by the hydroxylation on its phenazepam backbone, which influences its metabolic and pharmacological profile. Its CAS number is 84641-75-0, ensuring precise traceability for research and development purposes.

This compound is typically available in the form of pure crystalline powder, with a recommended storage temperature of 2-8°C in a sealed, moisture-free environment. It is soluble in organic solvents such as methanol and ethanol but exhibits limited solubility in water. The appearance is white to off-white, ensuring easy identification and confirmation of purity.

Mechanism of Action

3-Hydroxyphenazepam interacts with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors in the central nervous system. It acts as a positive allosteric modulator, enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA. This results in its signature benzodiazepine-like effects, such as sedation, anticonvulsant activity, and muscle relaxation.

What sets 3-Hydroxyphenazepam apart from its parent compound, phenazepam, is its faster onset of action and distinct metabolic pathways. The inclusion of the hydroxyl group impacts its bioavailability and influences its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. These factors make it a unique compound for pharmacokinetic and receptor-binding studies.

Applications

The primary use of 3-Hydroxyphenazepam powder lies within the realms of research and forensic science. Some key applications include:

1. Receptor Affinity Studies

3-Hydroxyphenazepam is extensively used to analyze benzodiazepine receptor activity. Its interaction pattern provides critical insight into how structural modifications affect binding properties and efficacy.

2. Metabolic Research

Researchers utilize this compound to study the metabolic differences between hydroxylated and non-hydroxylated benzodiazepines. This aids in understanding drug metabolism and toxicity in both humans and animals.

3. Forensic Toxicology

Due to its potency and pharmacological effects, 3-Hydroxyphenazepam is included in forensic studies involving drug identification and intoxication analysis. Its unique metabolite profile allows laboratories to differentiate it from other benzodiazepines in postmortem and impairment testing.

4. Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies

Structural modifications in benzodiazepines like 3-Hydroxyphenazepam serve as a model for developing new therapeutic agents. Researchers conduct SAR studies to explore potential therapeutic benefits or mitigate side effects in new drug design.

Handling and Safety Information

When working with 3-Hydroxyphenazepam powder, adherence to appropriate laboratory safety protocols is essential. This compound should only be handled by trained professionals in controlled environments. Below are critical safety guidelines:

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Use gloves, lab coats, and eye protection to limit dermal or ocular exposure.
• Ventilation: Conduct handling in a fume hood to minimize inhalation risks.
• Storage Conditions: The compound must be stored in a sealed container at a cool, consistent temperature away from light and moisture to prevent degradation.

It is also worth noting that 3-Hydroxyphenazepam is a potent substance, and even small doses can have significant effects. This highlights the importance of precise measurement and controlled usage in research settings. The compound is not approved for human consumption or clinical use and should only be used for authorized research purposes.

Packaging and Quality Assurance

3-Hydroxyphenazepam powder is typically supplied in laboratory-grade quantities, ranging from 1 g to 100 g, depending on research requirements.

Packaging is done in airtight containers with tamper-evident seals to ensure product integrity during transport and storage. This further reduces exposure to environmental contaminants and maintains its active properties over the stated shelf life.

Regulatory Considerations

Due to its pharmacological activity, 3-Hydroxyphenazepam is subject to regulatory controls in various jurisdictions. Researchers should consult local regulations to ensure compliance with legal requirements before acquisition and use. Unauthorized distribution, human consumption, or non-research usage is strictly prohibited and punishable under applicable laws.

Summary

3-Hydroxyphenazepam powder is a research-grade benzodiazepine derivative with distinct pharmacokinetic and receptor-binding properties. Known for its hydroxylated structure, the compound has found extensive applications in receptor studies, metabolic research, toxicology, and drug design. With its precise handling requirements, robust quality assurance, and strict regulatory controls, 3-Hydroxyphenazepam is an invaluable resource for advancing pharmacological and forensic studies. Its proper usage, however, demands a thorough understanding of its properties and adherence to safety protocols.